Category: Health News
Created: 9/19/2008 2:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 9/19/2008
Important Details:
Traditionally, knee replacement surgery has required lengthy incisions and dissection through the tendons of the knee to gain access for the replacement. Minimally invasive techniques now allow surgeons to perform knee replacement surgery with smaller incisions, and more importantly, less soft-tissue dissection. Minimally invasive surgery can be much more difficult to perform, however, and it is not indicated for all patients. This procedure may not be appropriate for knees that have significant deformity (bowlegged or knock-kneed) or previous major surgery.
- Severe Osteoarthritis
- Ligament damage or infection that leads to severe Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Haemophilia
- Crystal deposition diseases such as gout and pseudogout
- Avascular necrosis death of bone following loss of blood supply
- Bone dysplasias disorders of the growth of bone.
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Minimally Invasive Surgery
Conditions that can be treated with knee replacement
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Total knee replacement (TKR) surgery, also called knee arthroplasty, is one of the most successful elective surgeries done today. The surgery replaces severely damaged cartilage tissue with a metal or plastic prosthesis that duplicates the function of the knee joint. Since the long-term success of knee replacement surgery has improved dramatically, providing relief to people with chronic, debilitating knee pain. Although most of all the patients who have total knee replacements are elderly, this procedure may be considered for adults of all ages. Younger patients, however, may wear out their prosthesis prematurely due to more active lifestyles.
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Dr Arjun Bhojwani is the Director of fly2india4health Consultants. An Internal Medicine Physician by profession, he has been into practice for more than 25 years. He is an authority in the field of Medical Tourism to India having helped more than 400 patients.
Last summer, millions headed out to Indian lands for vacation, adventure, tourism, or just a beautiful beach.
In addition to traditional surgery, orthopedic surgeons use a computer-guided imaging system during total knee replacement surgery. This new technology, also called computer-assisted surgery (CAS), helps the surgeon align the artificial joint in the bone and may increase the long-term effectiveness of knee replacements, especially in difficult cases such as those involving knock-knees or bowlegs. During computer-assisted surgery, a model of the knee is developed using infrared cameras and electromagnetic devices. The contour of the knee is projected onto a monitor, and the image helps guide the surgeon's attachment of the artificial implant to the bone. CAS provides an internal view of the joint for more precise alignment of the implant, which may improve the long-term success of the total knee replacement.
Unicompartmental (Partial) Knee Replacement
What causes knee joint degeneration?
The knee is the largest joint in the body. Nearly normal knee function is needed to perform routine everyday activities. The knee is made up of the lower end of the thigh bone (femur), which rotates on the upper end of the shin bone (tibia), and the knee cap (patella), which slides in a groove on the end of the femur. Large ligaments attach to the femur and tibia to provide stability. The long thigh muscles give the knee strength. The joint surfaces where these three bones touch are covered with articular cartilage, a smooth substance that cushions the bones and enables them to move easily. But disease or injury can disrupt this harmony, resulting in pain, muscle weakness and less function.
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Knee replacement can be used to replace a knee joint affected by a range of conditions including:
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Mechanical "wear and tear" on a person's knees over a lifetime seems to be an obvious explanation for the increase of arthritis with age, but the answer is not that simple. The current view is that a number of factors interact to cause knee deterioration. Some of these factors include heredity, developmental abnormalities of knee formation, genetic predisposition to abnormal cartilage metabolism, major or minor repetitive injures, and certain occupations. While being overweight does not necessarily cause arthritis, it certainly contributes to early and more rapid progression of knee problems.
When the cartilage in one of the knee compartments has become damaged, surgeons may be able to replace just the damaged section (compartment) of the joint. This procedure is called a partial or unicompartmental knee replacement.. The ideal patient for partial knee replacement surgery is someone who has arthritis in only one section (compartment) of the knee and is not obese. Patients under age 60 with sedentary lifestyles may also be candidates.
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But how about Knee Replacement Surgery?
If pain is experienced in both knees equally and X-rays indicate severe arthritis in both joints, bilateral knee replacement may be an option. This procedure replaces both knees at the same time, reducing the time spent in a rehabilitation center after surgery. Although not a unique surgical procedure, the operation is not as common as single-sided TKR or partial replacement surgery. Candidates for this procedure must be in good health and free of certain medical conditions, including heart or lung disease.
Bilateral Knee Replacement
Computer-Assisted Surgery
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